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1.
Braz. j. biol ; 75(3): 565-573, Aug. 2015. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-761578

ABSTRACT

AbstractUrochloa decumbens (Stapf) R. D. Webster (Poaceae) is an exotic species with has spread rapidly through the Cerrado area of Pantanal, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. It has covered the soil aggressively turning it into cultivated pastures. Thus, it has become a challenge to protect native areas due its capacity of exclusion of native species. It has been observed that Microlobius foetidus (Jacq.) M.Sousa & G.Andrade species (Fabaceae) shows a dominant pattern over the development of U. decumbens. This work shows that M. foetidusinterfere on the natural growth of U. decumbens within 10 m ratio. Between 15 and 20 m, it was observed an increase of Importance Value index (IVI) and Relative cover (RC) values. It was also observed a variation on the antioxidant defense system of U. decumbens within 10m ratio from M. foetidus. The enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase present higher levels of activity then those found for glutathione reductase. This data indicates that M. foetidus may have an effect on U. decumbens, increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes. This effect probably happens as means to neutralize the toxic effects of the oxygen generated due to the presence of allelochemicals, which increases oxidative stress.


ResumoUrochloa decumbens (Stapf) R. D. Webster (Poaceae) é uma espécie exótica que se expandiu rapidamente no Cerrado do Pantanal de Mato Grosso do sul, e cobre o solo de maneira agressiva convertendo a vegetação natural em pastagens cultivadas e se tornando um desafio para o controle em áreas protegidas devido a sua capacidade de excluir espécies nativas. Observações demonstraram que a espécie Microlobius foetidus(Jacq.) M.Sousa & G.Andrade (Fabaceae) apresenta padrões de dominância, interferindo no desenvolvimento de U. decumbens e alterações na fitofisionomia e sistema de defesa antioxidante desta espécie foram investigados. Nossos estudos demonstraram que M. foetidus interfere no crescimento de U. decumbens nos primeiros 10 metros de distância, sendo que aos 15 e 20 metros, é verificado um aumento nos valores de IVI e CR. Alterações no sistema de defesa antioxidante de U. decumbens também foram verificados nos indivíduos amostrados até 10 metros de distância. Superóxido dismutase, catalase e peroxidase foram provavelmente as enzimas cruciais envolvidas na neutralização de espécies reativas de oxigênio, uma vez que apresentaram maiores níveis de atividade em comparação com outras enzimas, tais como glutationa redutase. Os dados indicam que a proximidade de U. decumbens as áreas onde se encontram populações de M. foetidus, aumentam a atividade das enzimas antioxidantes. Este efeito provavelmente ocorre como meio para neutralizar os efeitos tóxicos do oxigênio gerado, devido à presença de aleloquímicos, o que aumenta o estresse oxidativo.


Subject(s)
Antioxidants/metabolism , Brachiaria/metabolism , Fabaceae/physiology , Oxidative Stress , Introduced Species
2.
Neotrop. entomol ; 40(4): 436-439, July-Aug. 2011.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-599802

ABSTRACT

Large-bodied arthropods, such as cicadas, can be able to reallocate significant amounts of nutrients during adult emergence. Evidence suggests that Quesada gigas Olivier emergence constitutes an important nutrient flux from belowground to aboveground. The purpose of this study was to estimate the amount of nitrogen, proteins, and lipids resulting from the emergence of Q. gigas in an urban ecosystem in Central Brazil. Adult specimens captured from September to November 2006 were weighed and submitted to biochemical analysis. Population density was approximately 4,200 individuals per hectare. Mean individual dry mass was 1.03 g and contained 12.6 percent proteins, 8.4 percent lipids, and 5 percent nitrogen. Total biomass input from the species was 4.3 kg ha-1 y-1, with a consequent annual reallocation of approximately 545 g of proteins, 363 g of lipids, and 216 g of nitrogen per hectare. The data obtained suggest that Q. gigas emergence can cause significant translocation of nutrients from belowground to aboveground, and is therefore an important biological event for ecosystem function.


Subject(s)
Animals , Ecosystem , Hemiptera/metabolism , Lipid Metabolism , Nitrogen/metabolism , Proteins/metabolism , Brazil , Cities , Food , Population Density
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